intrauterine device

“IUD”

IUDs are fantastic for so many reasons! For starters, they’re one of the most effective forms of birth control out there—99.2% effective, in fact. Once you have it placed, you’re good to go for years, depending on the type you choose. No daily pills, no monthly refills, just reliable, low-maintenance coverage that lets you focus on everything else in life. Plus, if you ever decide you want to try for a baby, you can just have it removed, and you’re back to normal. It’s empowering to have such a dependable option that gives us the freedom to plan our lives our way.

hormonal IUD

Hormonal IUDs release a tiny bit of progestin (basically a lab-made version of the hormone progesterone) right into the uterus. This helps out by thickening up cervical mucus, so sperm have a hard time getting through, and it also thins the uterine lining, making it less welcoming and less likely for an egg to settle in.

Around 80-90% of people with a progesterone-only IUD end up with lighter periods (and 20-30% will have no periods at all) —pretty great, right? The hormone in these IUDs works to thin out the uterine lining, so over time, periods can get shorter, lighter, or even skip altogether. It’s one of the reasons these IUDs are such a popular pick—not only are they super reliable for birth control, but they also make heavy periods way more manageable.

Popular Brands and Durations:

• Mirena: Effective for up to 8 years

• Kyleena: Effective for up to 5 years

• Liletta: Effective for up to 8 years

• Skyla: Effective for up to 3 years

  Keep in mind, IUDs can be removed at any time should your family planning desires change or if you don’t like it. I always tell patients, you have the option for the listed duration of time, but it's not required!

• Advantages:

  • Reduced Menstrual Bleeding: Many users experience lighter periods, and some even stop menstruating entirely while using a hormonal IUD.

  • Menstrual Pain Relief: Hormonal IUDs can reduce cramping and are sometimes recommended for people with heavy or painful periods (such as those with endometriosis or adenomyosis).

  • Quick Return to Fertility: Fertility returns quickly after removal.

  Considerations:

  • Hormonal Side Effects: Some users may experience hormonal side effects, such as mood swings, headaches, or acne. This typically improves with time.

  • Initial Spotting: Light bleeding or spotting is common in the first few months but usually decreases over time.

These side effects are typically mild and improve within a few months, but if they persist or are severe, a healthcare provider may suggest trying a different IUD or removal of the IUD device.

non-hormonal (copper) IUD - paragard

The ParaGard IUD isn’t my favorite since it can make periods heavier and crampier, but I get why some people like it. It’s completely hormone-free, which can be a big plus if you’re trying to avoid adding hormones to your routine, and it’s over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. For some, it’s a great option for long-term, no-hassle birth control without the hormones.

The copper IUD is non-hormonal and relies on copper’s natural properties. Copper is toxic to sperm, creating an environment that makes it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg.

Duration: Effective for up to 10-12 years

Advantages:

• Hormone-Free: Ideal for people who prefer or need to avoid hormones

• Long-Lasting and Effective: Copper IUDs offer one of the longest durations of contraception among all birth control options.

• Quick Return to Fertility: Fertility returns almost immediately after removal.

• Can be used as Emergency Contraceptive: if inserted within 24 hours after unprotected intercourse this can function as an emergency contraceptive. 

Considerations:

• Increased Menstrual Bleeding and Cramps: Some users may experience heavier periods and more intense cramps, especially in the first 3-6 months. These symptoms typically lessen over time but can persist for some users.

choosing the right IUD

When picking an IUD, healthcare providers usually look at things like your period patterns, whether you want hormones or not, and how you feel about possible side effects.

For example:

• If you have heavy or painful periods, a hormonal IUD would be a good fit since it will likely help lighten bleeding and reduce cramps.

• If you’d rather skip hormones altogether, the copper IUD could be your go-to—it’s effective for years and hormone-free.

• And if you just want long-lasting birth control with minimal upkeep, either IUD can work depending on what suits your body and lifestyle best.